You are in Nature Science Photography
The perception of lightness and color
Determining the origin of brightness and color
Determining the physiological input stage – The eye
Determining the physiological input stage – The retina
Determining the physiological input stage – The photoreceptors in general
Determining the physiological input stage – The cone receptors in particular
First processing stage – Categorization of information
Second processing stage – Conversion of signals into opposite color channels
Like on TV – The reason for the complicated procedure
Third processing stage – Adding a spatial aspect for color
Approximate color constancy does not mean complete color constancy
Fourth processing stage – Generation of impressions
Red is better than blue – Our preference for warm colors
Not yet answered – The question of why
The reproduction of lightness and color
The technical generation and description of brightness and color impressions
RGB, CMYK – Description of impressions in device-dependent reference systems
CIE-Lab – Description of impressions in device-independent reference systems
Color Management – The Perception Algorithms of Machines
Metamerism – Two colors in different light
Lightness and color in photography
Analog image carriers – negative film
Analog image carriers – reversal film
Electronic image carriers and digital technology
Where and What – Brightness and color in image design
Opponent color combinations in image composition
Constancy excluded – The role of lighting quality
Digital temperature correction


Since I started my first website in the year 2000, I’ve written and published ten books in the German language about photographing the amazing natural wonders of the American West, the details of our visual perception and its photography-related counterparts, and tried to shed some light on the immaterial concepts of quantum and chaos. Now all this material becomes freely accessible on this dedicated English website. I hope many of you find answers and inspiration there. My books are on